Unfounded Stereotypes and Stereotyping at State University

Unfounded Stereotypes at State University Choosing a college major is often a difficult and distressing task for many students. Most individuals attend college to obtain a career that will lead to wealth and success. When deciding on a major, students consider their main interests as well as the opportunities offered by particular fields of study. Many of these young adults, however, never consider that the decisions they make can determine their status at a university and can be the source of many generalizations by peers. Especially at the State University, certain majors are believed to be more credible than others. For example, those found in the fields of mathematics and science are perceived to be highly difficult and time†¦show more content†¦In addition, many students are pressured into a certain major by family members who want children or grandchildren to excel financially or to follow in certain footsteps. Unfortunately. this is a misguided approach to selecting a major because a students desires and stre ngths might lie elsewhere. Director of career services at the University of Connecticut, Cynthia Sedgwick states that That approach may leave you destined for failure . . . . First and foremost, students have to be in touch with their skills and interests as they approach their education. And sometimes the passion is more important than the skills (How to Pick a College Major 1). Choosing a major based on the wealth it might lead to enforces the stereotype as students select fields they believe to be superior and more prestigious. If students were to choose a major based solely on their individual interests and their propensity to succeed in a job that they enjoy, then it is doubtful that such opinions and rivalries would exist between majors. In a survey of thirty-five Notre Dame students representing different grade levels and majors, the opinions about certain majors as well as about stereotypes were largely in concurrence. Students tended to name Arts and Letters as well as Business as two of the lighter majors, regardless of the individuals own major. The nickname Arts and Leisure surfaced seven times, one student noting that I heard Arts and Letters called Arts andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Diversity and Demographic Characteristics on Individual Behavior1066 Words   |  5 Pagesnot always predict behavior, the link between attitudes/values and potential or intended behavior is important for managers to understand. (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn 2005) Prejudices (preconceived and often erroneous views about others) and stereotyping (generalizations at the base of prejudice) are negative observable behaviors that manifest into discrimination. 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The Human Right of Freedsom in the Haitian and French...

Freedom of any type, whether political, economic, social, is a universal right that should be guaranteed to everyone. In the late 18th century revolutionary wars began in France and Haiti. These two revolutions, significant in their own ways, both were influenced from ideas sparked by the enlightenment. Though some similarities, the revolutions were different in other ways as well. In France the peasant and middle classes fought to overthrow their monarch, while the Haitian slaves wanted their freedom by trying to overthrow the French government which at that time was controlling them. In the year 1791 both the Haitian Revolution and French Revolution were occurring. The French at this time were in the process of making a new government†¦show more content†¦While the third estate, the middle class of French society, held the majority, containing ninety seven percent of Frances’s population, actually had little to no power. This, combined with other factors in France and Haiti, caused them to revolt to solve their problems regarding inequality creating two revolutions that history would forever remember. The French and Haitian revolutions contain some similarities but are actually really different. The French, unlike the Haitian slaves, were under a government as citizens, not slaves, and were fighting to overthrow their existing government. In doing so they were creating one fairer and efficient that could fix not only their social needs but also repair the damage of war and debt upon the country. Haiti was a totally different situation. Haiti, as a colony of France, was under foreign control that had no intention of granting rights or freedoms to its inhabitants. In 1791, when the French were drafting a constitution and reorganizing the government, the scene in Haiti was of slave rebellions causing turmoil as plantations were burned and violence swept the land. The Haitian slaves did not adhere to a government of their own, just slave masters and the French officials that governed the land. Due to this position, the Haitians had to overthrow a military power by creating their own

How is the Internet changing our lives Free Essays

Introduction The Internet is transforming lives. It has become an invaluable tool for communication, information and entertainment. The numbers of people, who join in social network services (SNSs), such as Facebook, twitter, and blogs, has been increasing for a decade. We will write a custom essay sample on How is the Internet changing our lives? or any similar topic only for you Order Now SNS makes the way of communication easier, faster and has also changed our lifestyles as it is so much more convenient compared to before we were using it. In this paper, I will begin by defining what constitutes SNSs and then present a history of them. Following this, I am going to review of three questions: 1 Why SNSs have become important as a means of communication between people? 2 What is the impact of using SNSs on social relations for the individual or group? 3 What are the factors that make SNSs more effective between people? Definition SNSs is web-based services which allows individuals to (1) establish a public or semi-public profile within specific network system, (2) link a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2007). History According to the definition, ‘SixDegrees.com’ is the first recognizable social network site witch launched in 1997. It allowed users to have profiles, list their Friends. From 1997 to 2001, the number of community tools began to allow users to create personal, professional, and dating profiles—users could identify friends on their personal profiles without seeking approval for those connections. In 2001, people launched SNSs as their business networks. The users first introduced the site to his friends which helped users to expand their business networks. From 2003, many new SNSs were launched, which the form of profile-centric. Take two most popular SNSs, which are called â€Å"MySpace† and â€Å"Facebook†, as examples. MySpace began in 2003 to compete with other SNSs. It was able to grow rapidly between young adults and allow the user to have relationship between artists and fans. The bands-and-fans dynamic was beneficial each other: Bands and their music company, which they are belonging, want to contact fans for business opportunities and fans also desired from their favourite bands as well. Nowadays, it became the most popular SNSs between teenagers in USA (Boyd, D.M. 2008). On the other hand, Facebook began as a Harvard-only SNS in early 2004. To join, a user had to have a â€Å"harvard.edu† email address. After 2005, Facebook expanded to everyone. The change to open signup did not mean that new users could easily access users in closed networks. Unlike other SNSs, Facebook users are unable to make their full profiles public to all users. Another unique feature of Facebook is the ability for outside developers to build â€Å"Applications† which is enables users to personalize their profiles and perform other tasks, such as compare movie preferences and chart travel histories (Boyd, D.M. 2008). There are four hundred million users who are from thirty countries, according to the recent survey. (Tech countries, 2011) Questions 1 Why SNSs have become important as a means of communication between people? Most users find it indispensable and are using it in ways that enhance their lives. The developing SNSs allow people to have more opportunities compare to before. Especially for from young adults to business people, they have become the most popular way of communication. Most SNSs focus on growing broadly and exponentially, others explicitly seek narrower audiences. Their systems are designed for these points. They introduce, for instance, new friends to users automatically according to their interests, hobby, and degrees so on between networks (Boyd, D. M. 2007). Therefore it is often happens to be able to contact with old friends or old classmates, who have not contact for a long and also make friends with people who have same interest without meeting face-to-face. Not only for maintaining friendship but also for business, SNSs have become the important tools. ‘Ecademy’ is one of the business networking sites built up of a networking. Members share business connections and opportunities each other. It is free to join in, however, membership can be upgraded to power networker for 14 dollars a month (Ina, O. 2004). On the other hand, others point out the negative impact of SNSs. Internet abuse is a broad common word which has varied manes and definitions. The terms used include interne addiction (IA) and it has been found worldwide. Two studies in Taiwan that used representative samples show that 12 per cent of high school students who had ever used the Internet had IA. Other studies which have used convenience samples report IA incidence as ranging from 3.5 – 15 per cent (Janet, M.M.2009). Nowadays, it is common for teens to depend on SNSs for their first socializing, and the worlds of fantasy and reality have often collided into disaster. ‘†Mean girls† who wouldn’t give a wallflower the time of day in the halls of an upper secondary school have â€Å"friended† them on cyberspace, causing an oddly skewed perception of social acceptance.’ (Love To Know Corp. 2011) Some teens even experience physical harm over Internet relationships spurred by SNSs. It is usual cases that some of users commit suicide because of cyber bullying incidents. SNSs give all generations the opportunity to remain anonymous, lost in a large virtual world, which they are able to express themselves (Love To Know Corp. 2011). However, the impact of social network services does not have to be so negative. These negative aspects can be avoided by their parents’ control accounts. Additionally, there are many useful services for defending young adults against dangerous. Moreover, having opportunities to discuss the rules and positive aspects of social networking with friends and family can also help them to confirm the role of social networking. 2 What is the impact of using SNSs on social relationship for the individual or group? The impact of using SNSs for the individual Internet use involves special factors which together create a unique physical environment for the user. McKenna, K.Y.A. (2002) suggests four major factors that differentiate between Internet interaction and face-to-face interaction: a. Greater anonymity; b. The reduction of the importance of physical appearance; c. Greater control over the time and space of interactions; d. The ease of finding similar others; Greater anonymity On the internet, people can easily keep their anonymity. They can select a false name and nickname or hide other personal information. This secrecy around their identify helps people to express their own opinion more freely and sincerely than they would in a face-to-face meeting. However, when a common social identity is available in the net communication, for instance it is likely to improve intergroup discrimination through email addresses (Postmes,T. 2000). The reduction of the importance of physical appearance Attractive people have more social advantages in our culture than the other people. They are better liked, more helped and seen possessing better personality feature and intellectual abilities. And the first impression in a face-to-face also sets the course for the rest of the interaction (Fiske, S.T. 1991). In this case, it is hard for people with unsightly or unattractive physical characteristics to express themselves in public. However a typical Internet social communication is solely text-based, the physical characteristics keep undisclosed. Therefore, they have opportunities to present themselves in any way they choose on the Internet. Ben, Z.A. (2005) point out that the anonymity of the Internet encounter may also be enjoyed by people who are concerned that their appearance is the only reason that others wish to get to know them. Greater control over the time and space of interactions People, who are socially inhabited, very shy, or have no social skills may often feel lack of control and even fear during a typical face-to-face meeting. The unique aspect of Internet communication is that the user can decide when he or she will write message and when he or she will reply. Additionally, the whole encounter is taking place in an environment of their choice and this would be a source of security and comfort. Therefore the user is able to ‘go out to meet the world’ from their own living room (Duval, S 1972). The flexibility of the Internet interactions fits very well with the demands of modern lifestyle. The ease of finding similar others The Internet is accessed everyday by many users, who have various different interests. On the Internet, many thousands of different groups exist and it is directly to find a group of similar others. This, together with the ease of finding details of their different interests and services offered by the net, makes it extremely ease to find out like-minded others visiting the same site. In summary, this fact has opened up opportunities for people belonging to groups (Amichai, Y. 2007). The impact of using SNSs for the group In general, there is space for write email address on the any forms, such as from application forms for member’s cards in shops, questionnaires to prescriptions in hospital. Those email addresses are used to send massages or newsletters to all the members on the list. What are the advantages of this is that it makes the sender easier to find specific recipients who need information from them. It is good for each other because senders do not need to send useless information to people who are not interested in their fields, and also recipients can receive useful information only (Tanis, M. 2009). The other type of group online is web-based discussion forums, which member can contribute by posting messages that others can read, and if desired, respond to. So, the discussions consist of previous posting and members’ opinions (Tanis, M.2009). All this makes web-forms easy accessible locations and where people can give and receive support and where people that are interest in the topic of the group can browse through the postings in an attempt to find the information they need. 3 What are the factors that make the SNSs more effective between people? Many of the theories explain the way of communication in Internet – real relationships in cyberspace. According to Lea and Spears (1995), both of the visual anonymity and the lack of co-presence of the communicators would expand the interaction possibilities, and for some this is the ‘magic’ of on-line relationships. Other theories have also made the claim that the anonymous of the Internet provides a space to feel more comfortable to self-disclose information about themselves (Parks, M.R and Roberts, L.D. 1998). Clearly, people feel more comfortable disclose to someone that they will probably never meet again. SNSs also focus on growing network between friends on the internet. Their features or use searching and profile browsing, many sites offer a range of community building. It is predicted that SNSs collaboration and communication techniques be means of mobile phones or network connected portable tools (Ina, O. 2004). Additionally, users use not only their user name and birthday but also more personal information, such as photograph, real name, hometown, e-mail address, cell phone number, relationship status (i.e. in a relationship or single), sexual orientation, and instant messenger screen name as their profile on SNSs. As in other SNSs, Friendster members create a profile and make public links to others. These functions support users to develop new relationships and share information and also have general use (Dwyer 2007). However, according to Dwyer (2007), the news media point out that the reputation of SNSs has diminished. Although millions of people have joined them with adding reveal personal information, privacy within social networking sites is often not expected or is undefined. Although members can control what appears on their profile, they cannot control what appears on a friend’s profile. Take a teacher and her students as an example, Crude pictures or movies on a friend’s profile caused concern for a teacher when her students asked to ‘friend’ her. This placed her in an uncomfortable position, because it is enable students to access to her profile would also allow them to look at her friends, who she knew to have dangerous pictures on their profile (boyd, 2004). Conclusion The adults among us can still remember the days before the Internet. However, Internet, for children and young adults, is a natural part of life. The population of Internet users is becoming ever closer to that of the general population. Not only for maintaining relationships but also for business opportunities, they have been used by many people, and also they are designed growing network between the users on the internet, such as offering a range of community building. They encourage the users to make new networks. Additionally, they support the user to feel comfortable to join SNSs through many variety factors, such as using real user’s profiles or anonymity. Therefore, many users feel that SNSs interaction is more freely and useful than face to face communication. It is true that although SNSs are indeed useful, we have become too depend on them. It enables people, especially for young adults, to make relationship skill be weak in face to face interaction. In addition to that the number of Internet Addiction has increased for the last two decades. However, the number of their user will expand in the future because their advantages outweigh disadvantages. Reference Amichai, Y. (2007) The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology: personality, individual differences and Internet use, ed. New York : Oxford University Press. Boyd, D.M. (2004) Friendster and Publicly Articulated Social Networks: Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factor in Computing System, ed. New York: ACM press. Duval, S. (1972) A theory of objective self-awareness, ed. New York: Academic Press. Dwyer, C. (2007) Trust and Privacy concern within social networking sites, Google scholar [online], available: http://csis.pace.edu/~dwyer/research/DwyerAMCIS2007.pdf [accessed 20 March]. Fiske, S.T. (1991). Social cognition,ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Janet, M.M.(2009) The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology: Internet use and abuse and psychological problems, ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Lea, M. and Spears, R.(1995) Love at first byteBuilding personal relationships over computer networks: In J.T. Wood and S.W. Duck,ed. Newbury:sage. McKenna, K.Y.A. (2002) ‘Relationship formation on the Internet, what’s the big attraction?’, Journal of Social Issue, 58,9-32. Parks, M.R. and Roberts, L.D. (1998) ‘making MOOsic’: the development of personal relationships online and a comparison to their off-line counterparts’, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 517-537. Postmes, T. (2000) ‘The emergence and development of group norms in computer mediated communication’. Human Communication Research, 26, 341-371 Tanis, M. (2009) The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology: Online social support groups, ed. New York : Oxford University Press. Tech countries (2011) The World’s Top Ranked Tech Countries 50 [online], available: http://www.weforum.org/news-0 [accessed 10 March]. Ina, O. (2004) Online Social Business Networking communities, Google scholar [online], available: http://www.diri.ie/ [accessed 20 March]. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (2007) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication [online], available: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html [accessed 15 March]. Love To Know Crop (2011) Social network [online], available: http://socialnetworking.lovetoknow.com/Impact_of_Social_Network_Services [accessed 15 March]. How to cite How is the Internet changing our lives?, Essay examples

Crucible And Murders Essay Example For Students

Crucible And Murders Essay The deterioration of Salems social structure precipitated the murders of manyinnocent people. Arthur Millers depiction of the Salem witch trials, TheCrucible, deals with a community that starts out looking like it is tightly knitand church loving. It turns out that once Tituba starts pointing her finger atthe witches, the community starts pointing their fingers at each other. Hysteriaand hidden agendas break down the social structure and then everyone mustprotect themselves from the people that they thought were their friends. Thechurch, legal system and the togetherness of the community died so that childrencould protect their families social status. Being isolated from any other groupof people with different beliefs created a church led Puritan society that wasnot able to accept a lot of change. The church was against the devil, at thesame time it was against such things as dancing and other premature acts. Thereputation of the family was very important to the members of the commun ity. When the girls were caught dancing in the woods, they lied to protect not justthemselves but the reputation of their families. They claimed that the deviltook them over and influenced them to dance. The girls also said that they sawmembers of the town standing with the devil. A community living in a puritansociety like Salem could easily go into a chaotic state and have a difficulttime dealing with what they consider to be the largest form of evil. Salemshysteria made the community lose faith in the spiritual beliefs that they weretrying to strictly enforce. The church lost many of its parishioners because theinterest of the town was now on Abigail because people wanted to know who wasgoing to be named next. When the church was trying to excommunicate JohnProctor, there were not enough people at church to do it. The people weregetting misled so far as to leave a dagger stuck in the door of their ministershouse: Tonight, when I open my door to leave my housea dagger clatteredto the gr oundThere is danger for me.(128) were Parris exact words. With the conveyer of God fearing for his life there was no longer anyone butAbigail to lead the community. The justice system is designed to protect thepeople that it serves but during the trials the accused witch had two choices,death or imprisonment. The punishment of death was given to all people thatpleaded not guilty; the other punishment was to plead guilty and go to jail. John Proctor gave his view of the justice system when he said I like notthe smell of this authority (29). And do you know that near tofour hundred are in the jails from Marblehead to Lynn, and upon mysignature?(85) said Danforth, describing the number of people that were injail on charges of witchcraft. There were so many people executed that Halecommented there are orphans wandering from house to house; abandonedcattle bellow on the highroads, the stink of rotting crops hangseverywhere(130) Salem was turning into a ghost town. With Abigailcontrolling the community, the church no longer getting the whole town toprayer, and an unjust legal system, it is natural that the people were in astate of total chaos. The unexplained was caused by the devil, so some membersof Salem used the unexplained to their advantage. Mrs. Putnam told the truthwhen she said, There are wheels within wheels in this village, and fireswithin fires!(26) Mrs. Putnam did her share of spreading rumors after sheheard that the girls were flying, so she asked Parris How high did she(Abigail) fly, how high?(11). These rumors happened because people did notwant any blame put on to themselves. This passing the buck made people startfighting with one another such as Corey charging Putnam of having his daughteraccuse a resident of witchcraft in order to get Coreys land. Abigail used herpower of getting people to listen to her to her advantage when she chargedProctors spouse with being a witch so Abigail could live with John. This againproves that Abigail had control of the town and the unexplained turned neighboragainst neighbor. The social breakdown in Salem was the major factor in thetragedy that took the lives of many innocent people. There was more than onetragedy in The Crucible. The first was the murdering of many innocent people,and the second was that a community that was once very close had been brokenapart. It appeared that the people of Salem were like a family but isolationactually made th em unable to adapt to a troublesome situation. If the communitycould have had a greater influence from another group of people then the socialstructure would have been able to adapt.

Urban and Rural Life (Collection) free essay sample

There has always been a sharp distinction between urban and rural living, with each having its particular advantages and disadvantages. From a personal perspective, I am more inclined to live in a small town rather than a big city. To me, it boils down to more peace and quiet; a better environment to live in; and family safety. To begin with, small towns are usually quiet and relatively calm. The pace of life is relaxed and the low number of cars and people makes for a peaceful setting without too much noise. Of course, not all small towns are idyllic in this fashion, and a slow and quiet lifestyle isnt every persons piece of cake. However, I personally enjoy it. As a child I lived in both a small country town and then later a large busy city. I vividly recall how much calmer the small hamlet was, and how relaxed and easy-going it made me and others there feel. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban and Rural Life (Collection) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Conversely, the city with its traffic and crowds of people seemed constantly busy and noisy. In addition to peace and calm, small town living can usually be associated with a better environment. Apart from the fact that there is less traffic and associated pollution, small towns are mostly located in the countryside and have easy access to rural settings. By way of example, it is usually relatively easy to walk out into fields, forests, valleys or even to rivers and lakes (in their natural settings) when you live in a small rural town. The same cant be said of city living which of course has other appeals like entertainment, nightlife and a broader scope of amenities. If, however, like me you prefer the natural environment close to your doorstep, then small town living will be a more attractive option. Besides tranquility and environmental appeal, I also have to say that small hamlets are better for families and family safety in particular. Small towns have closer-knit communities where everyone knows and generally looks out for each other. I personally live in a very small coastal town these days, and I deliberately moved here because of my wife and two young children. I know they can go to and from school without being in danger from traffic or some of the nastier elements of society that tend to congregate more in big city locations. This is not to say that close-knit safe communities cant be forged in cities, but I think anyone who has lived in both settings knows the safety factor for families is more reliable in smaller community-based townships. To sum up, then, I think I have shown with some conviction that factors like peace and quiet; clean and natural environment; and family safety all amount to better living in small towns. And while I concede that big cities have their own special advantages that cant be matched in a lot of small rural settings, these are the factors that matter most to me.

Fundamentals Of Basketball Defense Essays - Ball Games, Team Sports

Fundamentals Of Basketball Defense Essays - Ball Games, Team Sports Fundamentals Of Basketball Defense No sport moves more quickly or requires as many skills as basketball. Basketball is the most electrifying and most innovative game known to man. The primary objective of the game is to score more points than the opposition by putting a round ball through a circular band, called a rim. On defense, a blocked shot or a steal can lead to a fast break at the other end of the court. On offense, one quick move can result in an easy basket. Good dribbling and passing skill can set up wide-open shots for teammates. But long before players can be become part of the excitement on the court, they must first lean and study the basics. This takes a great deal of practice and attention to detail. The basic skills of dribbling, passing and shooting are essential to the continued improvement of every basketball player at every level. In order for a player or team to become a good offensive player they must have the ball. How do obtain or control the ball you might ask? Learning how to be a solid defe nsive player does this. Consistent winners play good defense, and good defense breeds consistent winning. Fans appreciate and identify with a strong defensive effort, and players respect a strong defensive team. Teams who take pride in, and have patience on defense have far fewer off nights than the team that relies only on offense. Strong team defense builds good team morale. We have seen a good defensive team that wasnt together. Everyone respects a good defensive player especially players. Individual defense can do the following for you: it can give you self-confidence, anyone that wants to pay the price can play good defense. If you are gifted with speed, quickness and basketball sense, you can be a great defensive player. It can build you a reputation of being tough and aggressive. Help you get in the best physical and mental condition. Earn for you the special pride and self-respect you get from playing at both ends. Playing individual defense can also give you the chance to make one of the biggest pl ays in basketball, drawing the offensive foul. The first myth about playing defense is that you have to have speed and quick feet, which is not true. Defense is played with anticipation, or being aware of whats going on around you, good body balance and basic fundamentals. There are certain fundamentals you have to follow. But anyone can play defense. If you are willing to work and watch whats going on around you, then you can become a solid defensive player. Defense is as much a mental as a physical skill. Rather than play reactive defense a player should be encouraged to be proactive. By emphasizing active elements of defense represented as follows by the acronym ATTACK, proactive defense is encouraged. Each letter of the word stands for a must for us to be our best. A Attitude: It all starts with your attitude. The starting point of all defenses is the determination to become an aggressive, intelligent defensive player. Each player must develop and maintain control of his attitude, especially on defense. T Team: Through teamwork a collective effort of five defensive players is greater than five individual players. T Tools: The three basic tools of defense that is the most important to develop are your mind, body and feet. We play basketball with our mind, body, and feet; and foul with our hands. A Anticipation: Use your basketball sense and judgement. Know when to make your move. Eliminate moves that have little or no chance for success. C Concentration: Be alert and ready to play defense at all times. Make the change from offense to defense quickly. Defense before your opponent has the ball, and it will be much easier. Maintain a basketball position. K Killer Instinct: You must be aggressive on defense. It is essential that you force the opponent to react to you. Do not react to the offensive player. Force that player away from those strengths. Ten Cardinal Rules of Defense 1. Transition (Early recognition get the defense set) Quick, organized transition with communication by all five players keys to strong team defense. 2. Pressure

The Relation of Heat to Kinetic Theory of Matter Essay

The Relation of Heat to Kinetic Theory of Matter - Essay Example It means that movement of molecules or atoms becomes more when there is more heat. Molecules or atoms have energy preserved in them. They have potential energy as well as kinetic energy and these energies together form thermal energy. Thermal energy moves from an object having high temperature to an object having low temperature and with this movement (Maxwell, 1871), the movement of molecules or atoms also gets faster. The object having high temperature will have fast moving molecules or atoms. Therefore, it is quite clear that the study of heat is related to the kinetic theory of matter. 2. What is temperature? Heat is a process in which, thermal energy shifts from an object of high temperature to an object of low temperature. Heat is not pre-located in matter. It is created and can be noticed as shifting of thermal energy between objects based on temperature difference between the objects. There can be many examples of heat. When we touch a hot surface, the thermal energy shifts f rom the hot surface to our hand due to which, we feel heat as there is a temperature difference between the hot surface and our hand, which on touching shifts. In this way, we can say that the temperature is the measure of heat energy. With the help of a temperature scale we can estimate the degree of hotness or coldness of the surrounding atmosphere or any object. 3. What is the relationship between heat and temperature? While heat is a form of energy that can be converted to any other form, temperature is only an effect caused by the heat. However, both the quantities heat and temperature are directly proportional to each other. If one quantity rises the other also varies directly, if one lowers the other quantity lowers too. The more the amount of heat the more will be kinetic energy of molecules while temperature is the measure of the degree of motion of particles in a system. 4. What are the various properties of a substance that determine its heat capacity? The most important factor that determines the heat capacity of a substance is the energy state of the molecules of the substance that is the direct measure of the heat capacity of a substance. The difference of the heat capacities of the two substances is due to the difference in the molecular energy state of the two substances (Hagg, 2011). The other factors that determine the heat capacity of the material are the pressure, composition of the substance and the temperature. Pressure makes the molecules to be close to each other that make the molecules to collide in a more repetitively that increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules and changes the energy state of the material. Under pressure the three state of the matter behave differently (Belzer, 2011). Gasses are most influences by the pressure and temperature while solids gave little impact when they are under pressure as the molecules are close enough in the solids. As the temperature of the substance is raised the bond between the mole cules weakens and the matter changes its state, as solids when heated to a certain temperature melts to a liquid form and liquids change to gaseous form when heated to a certain temperature. Composition of the material can change its heat capacity by altering the energy states of the material. 5. What are the var